The sun is a ball of boiling gas and plasma, comprised of ultrahot charged particles. Their movement creates magnetic fields.
As the sun rotates, its magnetic fields can get contorted and tangled, building tension, until they explosively snap back into place like rubber bands.
The release of that energy can cause a powerful burst of light and radiation — a solar flare.
Flares are classified by their strength, from the weakest B class, then C, M, and X. The most powerful X flares have the energy equivalent of one billion hydrogen bombs, which is enough to power the whole world for 20,000 years, according to NASA.
As the sun builds toward the maximum of its 11-year cycle, scientists predict it will eventually reach peak activity, where solar flares, like X flares, will become more frequent.
Sometimes solar flares occur alongside a coronal mass ejection (CME). That’s a high-velocity eruption of plasma with embedded magnetic fields bursting from the sun’s outer layer, the corona.
NASA and the European Space Agency captured footage of a CME shooting out from the sun and traveling through space, using their Solar Orbiter spacecraft, in the below video.
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