Memory is the foundation of learning and identity, but how does the brain ensure that memories last a lifetime?
Researchers have long suspected that a process called long-term potentiation (LTP) plays a critical role. LTP strengthens the connections between neurons, forming the basis of memory. For years, scientists believed a protein called PKMzeta was essential for maintaining memories, but its short lifespan raised questions.
Now, a breakthrough study has identified KIBRA as the missing piece — this molecule “tags” synapses activated during learning, allowing PKMzeta to continuously strengthen them.
The interaction between these two molecules, rather than any single protein, appears to be the key to long-term memory storage.
This discovery clarifies previous uncertainties and may have profound implications for memory-related therapies. Researchers now understand how PKMzeta and KIBRA work together to preserve memories, even as individual molecules are replaced over time.
The findings could pave the way for treatments to enhance memory in neurodegenerative conditions or even erase traumatic memories in PTSD patients.
However, ethical challenges remain, especially regarding selective memory modification. Scientists are also investigating whether other molecular mechanisms contribute to different types of memories.
