The American Civil Liberties Union, a civil rights group representing the plaintiffs, said the law is unconstitutional and discriminatory.
The ban would also impact Chinese Americans, and people of Asian descent, the suit says.
Proponents of the bill have argued it will protect US national security.
The Florida governor’s office did not immediately respond to a request for comment.
The lawsuit takes place against the backdrop of strained relations between the US and China, and Republican Governor Ron DeSantis’ soon to be launched presidential bid.
“Florida’s discriminatory property law is unfair, unjustified, and unconstitutional,” Ashley Gorski, senior staff attorney at the ACLU, said in a statement. “Everyone in the United States is entitled to equal protection under our laws, including citizens of other countries.”
The plaintiffs, represented by ACLU and two other groups, say that in practice, Florida’s law will lead to broad discrimination against these communities in the state, including everyday residents and American citizens.
The legislation applies to owning property within 10 miles of a “critical infrastructure facility” and also bars foreign entities from Russia, Iran, North Korea, Cuba, Venezuela, and Syria.
Those zones include airports, military installations, spaceports, refineries, electrical power plants, water and waste treatment facilities, or seaports. Foreign entities are also banned from purchasing agricultural land.
The legislation focuses heavily on restricting sales to Chinese nationals and entities.
It makes it a felony for Chinese citizens or companies to buy property, or for a person or company to knowingly sell to them. For citizens of the other countries on the list, the penalty is a misdemeanour.
Both Republicans and Democrats have expressed concern over the years about the potential for state-sponsored interference from China, Iran, and Russia in key American infrastructure, such as its power grid or voting systems.
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